Scientists Study Chernobyl Fungus as Protection against Space Radiation
2020-08-03
LRC
TXT
大字
小字
滚动
全页
1Researchers are testing a fungus known to grow in high radiation environments to see if it could possibly protect humans traveling in space.
2One fungus being studied survived - even thrived - in areas around the former Chernobyl nuclear power center in Ukraine.
3In 1986, a reactor there exploded and caught fire, sending huge amounts of radiation into the air.
4Chernobyl was the world's worst nuclear disaster.
5The accident caused widespread harm to people and other living things in the surrounding area.
6Several kinds of fungi, however, have continued to experience growth within the highly radioactive environment.
7Researchers are studying a substance found within some fungi called melanin.
8It is a pigment that gives skin, hair and eyes their color.
9Studies have shown that melanin in the cell walls of some fungi can take in radiation and turn it into chemical energy.
10Recently, a report about one kind of melanin-containing fungus was published on the internet in "pre-print" form.
11This means the research has yet to complete a peer review process.
12The study is a project of scientists from the University of North Carolina and California's Stanford University.
13The scientists reported that the fungus, called Cladosporium sphaerospermum, was sent to the International Space Station - ISS - for testing.
14Earth's atmosphere and magnetic shield protect us from extreme radiation found throughout the universe.
15But the U.S. space agency NASA notes that while the ISS sits within Earth's magnetic field, astronauts receive over 10 times the radiation that we receive on Earth.
16It warns that space travelers spending long periods in places like the moon or Mars will face high levels of harmful radiation.
17The researchers say the melanin-containing fungus that thrives in Chernobyl could be used to create protective shields for future astronauts.
18In the report, the researchers said growth of the fungus on the ISS was observed for 30 days.
19Radiation levels were also measured.
20During the test period, the measured radiation levels decreased "by at least 1.82 percent and potentially up to 5.04 percent," the report said.
21The researchers said that the experiment demonstrated "that the fungus not only adapts to, but thrives on and shields against space radiation."
22They noted that since the fungus reproduces itself in high-radiation environments, small amounts could be transported to space and then grown in large amounts.
23Further testing is planned with similar fungi.
24Last year, researchers from Johns Hopkins University said they had shipped melanin from a similar fungus, called Cryptococcus neoformans, to the ISS.
25This fungus lives in environments across the world and was found thriving in the area around Chernobyl.
26One of the researchers on that project is Radamés J.B. Cordero, with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
27Cordero said in a statement that the goal of the ISS research is to see how melanin from the fungus can protect astronauts and equipment in space.
28But he added that radiation is also a big concern for health care providers and patients who are exposed to the material during medical treatments.
29"If you have a material that can act as a shield against radiation, it could not only protect people and structures in space, but also have very real benefits for people here on Earth," he said.
30I'm Bryan Lynn.
1Researchers are testing a fungus known to grow in high radiation environments to see if it could possibly protect humans traveling in space. 2One fungus being studied survived - even thrived - in areas around the former Chernobyl nuclear power center in Ukraine. In 1986, a reactor there exploded and caught fire, sending huge amounts of radiation into the air. 3Chernobyl was the world's worst nuclear disaster. The accident caused widespread harm to people and other living things in the surrounding area. Several kinds of fungi, however, have continued to experience growth within the highly radioactive environment. 4Researchers are studying a substance found within some fungi called melanin. It is a pigment that gives skin, hair and eyes their color. Studies have shown that melanin in the cell walls of some fungi can take in radiation and turn it into chemical energy. 5Recently, a report about one kind of melanin-containing fungus was published on the internet in "pre-print" form. This means the research has yet to complete a peer review process. 6The study is a project of scientists from the University of North Carolina and California's Stanford University. The scientists reported that the fungus, called Cladosporium sphaerospermum, was sent to the International Space Station - ISS - for testing. 7Earth's atmosphere and magnetic shield protect us from extreme radiation found throughout the universe. But the U.S. space agency NASA notes that while the ISS sits within Earth's magnetic field, astronauts receive over 10 times the radiation that we receive on Earth. It warns that space travelers spending long periods in places like the moon or Mars will face high levels of harmful radiation. 8The researchers say the melanin-containing fungus that thrives in Chernobyl could be used to create protective shields for future astronauts. 9In the report, the researchers said growth of the fungus on the ISS was observed for 30 days. Radiation levels were also measured. During the test period, the measured radiation levels decreased "by at least 1.82 percent and potentially up to 5.04 percent," the report said. 10The researchers said that the experiment demonstrated "that the fungus not only adapts to, but thrives on and shields against space radiation." They noted that since the fungus reproduces itself in high-radiation environments, small amounts could be transported to space and then grown in large amounts. 11Further testing is planned with similar fungi. 12Last year, researchers from Johns Hopkins University said they had shipped melanin from a similar fungus, called Cryptococcus neoformans, to the ISS. This fungus lives in environments across the world and was found thriving in the area around Chernobyl. 13One of the researchers on that project is Radamés J.B. Cordero, with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 14Cordero said in a statement that the goal of the ISS research is to see how melanin from the fungus can protect astronauts and equipment in space. But he added that radiation is also a big concern for health care providers and patients who are exposed to the material during medical treatments. 15"If you have a material that can act as a shield against radiation, it could not only protect people and structures in space, but also have very real benefits for people here on Earth," he said. 16I'm Bryan Lynn. 17Bryan Lynn wrote this story for VOA Learning English, based on reports from BioRxiv, Johns Hopkins University and the CDC. George Grow was the editor. 18We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments section, and visit our Facebook page. 19_______________________________________________________________ 20Words in This Story 21fungus - n. a type of plant without leaves that gets its food from other living or decaying things 22thrive - v. to grow very well 23pigment - n. a substance that gives something color 24peer - adj. someone holding the same position or social standing as other member of a group 25review - n. the process of considering something to decide whether to make changes to it 26shield - n. something used as protection against harmful things 27potential - adj. having the possibility to do something 28adapt - v. to change behavior to fit a new situation 29expose - v. subject to risk from a harmful action or condition 30benefit - n. something that helps you or gives you an advantage